Application of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) in geodynamic monitoring of mining industry facilities: methodological foundations, inherent limitations, and practical efficiency

Background. Ensuring industrial and environmental safety at mining enterprises requires the implementation of modern methods for monitoring ground surface deformation. Classical geodetic methods demonstrate limited effectiveness for continuous monitoring of extensive mining allotments, while remote sensing technologies, in particular Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), offer opportunities for creating proactive monitoring systems.

Aim. To carry out a comprehensive analysis of the methodological foundations, capabilities, limitations, and prospects of InSAR technology, the method of Small Baseline Subset (SBAS-InSAR) in particular, for solving problems of geodynamic and geotechnical monitoring at mining facilities.

Materials and methods. A systematic review of scientific publications and practical experience of applying InSAR at mining enterprises in Russia (Kuzbass), Kazakhstan, Australia, and China was carried out. A comparative analysis of DInSAR, PS-InSAR, and SBAS-InSAR technologies was conducted. The methods of mathematical modeling of deformation processes and economic efficiency assessment were used.

Results. The SBAS-InSAR method demonstrates the best balance of accuracy (1–3 mm/year), areal coverage, and resistance to decorrelation under conditions of mining landscapes. Key areas of application include monitoring of open-pit slope stability, controlling tailings dam integrity, and observing subsidence in undermined areas. The economic analysis confirmed that the implementation of InSAR can reduce capital and operational costs by 60–75 % while simultaneously increasing coverage area and data acquisition efficiency.

Conclusion. InSAR/SBAS-InSAR technology is a highly effective tool for transitioning from point- based to continuous monitoring of geotechnical risks. Its successful integration into the management systems of mining enterprises, especially in the Russian Federation, requires the adaptation of methodologies, development of a regulatory framework, and personnel training. Prospects are associated with the creation of hybrid systems that integrate InSAR data with ground-b ased sensor networks and artificial intelligence technologies.

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