Trace fossils are one of the paleontological groups that could be used for solving complex geological problems. Trace fossils represent the sedimentological structures, produced by living organisms in the mass of sediment. This complex, both paleontological and sedimentological, nature of ichnofossils results in serious limiiations for sedimentary sequences stratigraphic dissection, correlation and age determination. This paper demonstrates the main aspects of trace fossils and appliance of ichnofabric analysis for solving sedimentological and stratigraphic probl ems.

Data on a geoiogical structure and evolution of mesostructural complexes of a southeast part of the Ebeta antiformhas been provided. Multistage nature of the deformations and a metamorphism of a Mamyt metamorphic complex and its frame have been established. Early stages of de formations and a metamorphism of granulate and amphibolitic facies of Mamyt complex have been shown to be connected with its internal evolution. In a frame of a complex, three stages of deformations have been established. The first stage of forma tion of sheath and isoclinal folds occurred before formation of structure of the area and probably has late Precambrian age. The second, marked by formation of asymmetric folds of the western vergence, corresponds to Paieozoic stage of removal of the Mamyt complex; ophiolite obduction and formation of fold and thrust structure. The third stage of shear movements fixed both in Mamyt metamorphic complex and in its frame, brought to formation of late shear folds with steeply dipping hinges, having complicated earlier created structure.

In Zimneberezhniy district of Arkhangelsk diamondiferous subprovincediagenetic, katagenetic (gleization) and endogenic types of clarification have been detected for host red-brown terrigenous Vend-Cambrian rocks due to mineral and element composition, geological position and forms of occurrence. Endogenic vein clarification differs by presence of saponite and concentrations of K, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ni. The aureole of endogenic clarification around Arkhangelsk kimberlite tube is shown. The size of the aureole reaches two diameters of crater.

A review of foreign and Russian publications on gold-bearing Witwatersrand conglomerates dealing with investigations of sulfur isotopic composition of shingle-like formations of pyrites, that often contain gold, and of oxygen isotopic composition of quartz shingles, and carbon isotopic composition of host rocks, has been presented. In line with the development of isotopic investigations methods the values diapason of δ³⁴S has been shown to essentially widen. However, the task of determination of the source of gold has not been solvedyet. Investigations of δ¹⁸O help to determine the fact of difference of the sources of gold and uranium. The presence of photosynthesis during Archean era has been confirmedas the source of oxygen in atmosphere.

By geochemical analysis fresh, brackish, salty underground waters and the brines of various salinity and different types have been shown to occur in Western Tunguska artesian basin. The salinity of them increases with depth. It is not tracing in oil and gas Vendean and Riphean sediment layers of Baykitska anteclise and Katangska saddle. The highest salinity brines occur in salt-bearing hydrogeological formation (Є). They are chloride calcium composition and rich in bromine, strontium, lithium, cesium, rubidium, chromium and other chemical elements. On the North-West territory (on the South side of Kureyska syneclise) chloride calcium brines occur on the depth of 700 m and less. They are more close to the surface then in the South sites of the region.

The rock samples from different structural-material complexes of some ultramafic massifs of the Urals have been investigated. The experiments have allowed establishinga dependence of electrical resistance on temperature in the range of 20-800 °C. The electrical parameters lgR_o, Eoof studied samples have been defined. There was an inverse linear dependence between the parameters. It is expressed by the formula lgR_o = a - bE_o. The coefficient a stays practically the same for all studied massifs and plots them (6,2-7,2); the coefficient b - changes continuously from 5,8 to 13,2; its value differs not only for each ultramafic massif, but even for an individual plot within the same massif. Position of the samples on the line lgR = a - bE_o with specific coefficients a and b depends on the degree of metamorphism.

An approach to using of different literal symbolizations of parameters, functional ties and calculations in technical prjblems of geology exploration wells drilling is briefly shown. The tens of literal symbols of technical parameters are needed to be used. So, the terminology in drilling is straight connected with literal symbolization. The various use of literal symbols complicates of processes perception and can lead to misunderstanding and even serious errors. The major part of the symbols are derived from physics and mathematics. However, those sciences have much more bigger parameters than Latin and Greek letters. That is why the same letter can mean different parameters.

Based on analysis of different countries economical indexes their economy is shown to be linked tightly with the mineral resources and possibilities of the countries to build their own independent policy. Russia is concluded to have lack of thought and scientifically proven state strategy of development and use of mineral resources, based on the model of self-maintenance with required degree of export and limited import. Such situation puts the national safety of the country under threat and leads to the loss of geopolitical priorities in the world mineral sector. The number of measures of the principal break in the state policy in the sphere of geological studying of the subsurface, reproduction of the mineral base, management of the geological investigations. While development of the new concept of the low «About subsurface» it’s needed to take into account the main thing - economical safety of the country.

The 250th anniversary of death of generous Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov is celebrated in April 2015. His work «About the Earth’s layers» is the most important geological work of Lomonosov, which ideas were ahead of time and concerned different aspects of paleontological investigations. The stratigraphic investigations showed the stratification of geological sections. The idea of consistente volution of the nature played an important role for natural sciencesis.

Trace fossils may be of crucial importance for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, which is demonstrated by example of new ichnological finds in Mountainous Adygeya. Two horizons with trace fossils from the Lower-Middle Permian molasse indicate continental and marine depositional environments and their rapid change. Bioturbation in shales of the Lower-Middle Jurassic permits to establish punctuated or low-intensity dysoxic conditions that explain continuous development of biota in unfavorable environments. The presence cf. Thalassinoides isp. with untypical bifurcation in the Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) glauconite-bearing sandstones questions the local depositional setting and allows to suppose that the oxygen concentration in sea water was characteristic for formation of neither glauconite, nor typical representatives of the noted ichnogenus.

The revision of flat Thanetian terebratulids of South-West Crimea, included until the last time Terebratula bisinuata Lam., T. mischensis Ilyina, T. plana Zel. and Oleneothyris pinguinensis Zel., has been made. The material of studying has been the collection of brachiopods, collected from the lower and middle parts of Kachinsky suite and comprising 403 specimens. The investigation has shown that at the all age stages brachiopods are characterized by significant individual variability of shell outline, increased with age. Beginning with length of 5.3 sm. all terebratulids have folds. The main significant morphological features of terebratulids are also much variable. The given data allows defining the species Terebratula mischensi and Terebratula plana as junior synonyms of Terebratula bisinuata. Theconclusionsjustifiedtheruleof incompatibility of two or more closely relatedspecies in the single ecological niche. The illustrations of 26 studied samples are shown.

Geochemical parameters of hydrocarbon pools with their further enrichment of the potentially toxic elements during ontogenesis are considered. The mechanisms of the metal accumulation by hydrocarbons are discussed, in particular, peculiarities of the metal sequestration by hard and soft acids and bases. The highest concentrations of V, Ni, Zn, Co, Au and other metals are expected in oil on the base of metal complexes. The most active enrichment of the oil by microcomponents, including potentially toxic elements, takes place on the protooil generation stage.