A study of the Cu-Fe-S melts crystallization products synthesized at low (0,13 Pa) and at high (5 GPa) pressure has been conducted. The study has shown that in contrast to the crystallization products of the Cu-Fe-S melts synthesized at pressure 0,13 Pa where the chalcopyrite solid solution (Cu,Fe)S1₁__x (5 > х > 0 аТ%) was crystalized, in crystallization of the Norilsk Cu-Ni-Fe-S melt, pentlandite (Ni,Fe)₉S₈ is crystalized simultaneously with chalcopyrite CuFeS₂, cubanite CuFe₂S₃ and pyrhotite Fe₁__xS. The results correspond to the data about composition of Cu-Fe-S system (bornite Cu₅FeS₄ + new fase Fe₄CuS₅) at 1100 °C and 5 GPa and the published data about initial melt compositions for Cu-Ni-Fe sulphide associations from the inclusions in the minerals of kimberlite tubes. The obtained results indicate the formation of Norilsk Cu-Ni deposits at high pressure.

Ritmostratigrafic complexes of Early Permian sediments of Belorechenskaya depression of the western part of the Peredovoy range (Front Range) have been distinguished. Single cycles of the accumulation of the red continental molasses have been established in sections of Aksautskaya and Kinyrchadskaya formations. The cyclic recurrence is associated with the differentiation of the water-flow accumulation in the intermountain trough within wandering channels and extensive debris cones in enclosed shallow basins. The sedimentation occurred in the continental environment of the intermountain accumulative plains under fluvial sedimentation conditions. It refers to the migration-mutation sedimentation type and corresponds to the upper continental molasses. Both, the mineragenic features of copper and gold in the Early Permian red sediments and the confinedness of the mineralization to the specific parts of the rock sections within the limits of the distinguished rhythms, have been shown.

With the use of the methods of the inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) and infrared spectroscopy, the concentrations of Al, Ti, Li, Ge, B and rare earth elements, and the impurity centers containing group ОН? have been studied in the quartz of veins with tungsten, gold-rare metal and silver mineralization. With simiiar contents of Al and Ge, the quartz of veins with tungsten mineralization differs from the quartz of gold-rare metal veins by lower concentrations of Ti and higher contents of Li and B. In the early white quartz near salband of the veins with tungsten mineralization concentration [AlO₄/LiH]⁰ the amount of impurity ceniers is higher than in a later smoky quartz. Rare earth elements spectra of quartz in veins with tungsten mineralization are different from those of the spectra of the quartz of gold-rare metal veins by the presence of the tetrad effect of the M-type, especially by a clear convex tetrad Gd-Tb-Dy-Ho. The quartz of the low-temperature veins with the silver mineralization has a bimodal distribution of Al concentrations - a very high content in early comb quartz and low - in the late coarse-grained quartz; distribution of Li and Ge concentrations is simiiar.

The results of the study of the composition of the Upper Riphean terrigenous rocks of Dzhezhimparma Uplift at Southern Timan have been presented. On the basis of the lithological, geochemical and mineralogical data, the sedimentary material has been determined to be accumulated in the shore-marine extremely shallow-water conditions of a passive continental margin. The formation of the composition of the rocks involved the eroding products of the metamorphites of the ancient continent and slightly altered in a cold climate acid magmatic rocks. The postsedimentation transformations of the Upper Riphean rocks correspond to the stage of the late diagenesis-initial catagenesis.

A mineral composition and gemological descriptions of the jewelery varieties of the wood tin of deposits Dzhalindinskoe (Khabarovskiy krai), Tynooken (East Chukotka) and Dominion Krik (Canada) have been explored. According to the data of radio-graphical analysis, wood tin consists mainly of cassiterite (76-98 mas.%). As admixtures, quartz, microcline and roentgenoamorphous phase have been found. Microinclusions of dzhalindite, preisingerite, acanthite, native bismuth, monazite and hemiatite have been found in wood tin by electronic-probe investigations. Color zonality of wood tin is defined by mineral composition, concentration of elements-admixtures (Fe, As) and microinclusions of hematite in cassiterite. Jewelery varieties of the wood tin are mainly connected with rhyolite , rarely with silicate and sulphide industrial types of tin deposits.

Bacterial mats, formed by successively accumulating biofilms, are the main constructive component of the oxide ferromanganese ores on the oceanic floor. The coordinated behavior of the bacterial colonies in the biofilms controlled the growth of the stromatolites and onkolites structures. Biofilms of the stromatolite bacterial mats represent the microbial community, with the thread bacteria forming a poiygonal network that determines a piliar structure of the crusts. Bacterial mats in nodules are festoon-shaped. Biofilms in festoons intensely interact with the environment, assimilating petrogenic components and consuming the sedimentary material.

A study of the ore facies of the massive sulfide ores from the Yubileynoe deposit (ore body № 2) has been shown. The sub-seafloor and seafloor hydrothermal, biogenic, clastic and seafloor hypergenic facies have been diagnosed in the studied ores, reflecting different formation conditions within the ore body № 2. The seafloor and sub-seafloor hydrothermal facies occur in the central part of the ore body, while clastic with seafloor hypergenic facies dominate at the flanks of the ore body. Rare minerals are native gold, minerals of Ag, Te, Bi and Pb widespread in seafloor hydrothermal and clastic ore facies. The ratio of the ore facies in the ore body № 2 shows the simiiar ore-forming processes within the Yubileynoe deposit and other massive sulfide deposits of the Urals.

On the basis of the approximate solution of the problem of groundwater filtration during the experimental constant-rate pumping tests of the pressure aquifers, a method for the processing and interpreting the results of this operation has been developed in order to determine the filtration-volumetric parameters of the horizon. The method is combined as much as possible with the currently widely used graphic-analytical method. The proposed method has been shown to have substantially less restrictions on the duration of the experimental perturbation (pumping) than the currently used graphic-analytical one.

Non-tidal variations of gravity are the residual part of the monitoring of the variations after subtraction from them the lunar-solar gravity variations and the drift of the zero point of the gravimeter. Non-tidal variations have a complex morphology and structure. The sources of the non-tidal variations are the intracrustal processes, flows of the charged particles in space and meteor showers. Meteor showers interacting with the Earth’s atmosphere determine the occurrence, development and movement in the atmosphere of the large-scale eddies - cyclones and anticyclones. The atmospheric fronts are distinguished in isolated cyclones. These fronts can influence the measurements of the gravimeters and seismographs.

The main criteria of the airport territory pollution have been revealed during both studying of the data for the ecological conditions of the various airports of the world and carrying out a number of the field measurements. They have been: atmospheric air analysis, analysis of the ground, surface and waste water, measurements of the noise. The structure of such system, the sources of its data and the functionality have been described. The system of the environmental forecasts formation with machine learning elements has been presented. It includes stations of the automatic environmental monitoring, a subsystem of the information analysis and a subsystem of the processed information publication.

A wide distribution of the US hypothesis of plate tectonics in the geological enterprises, in the geological universities of the country and in the editorial of the geological journals has been considered. This hypothesis was created 50 years ago and was introduced into the geological organizations of Russia during the “troubled” 90s of the 20th century. The sharp dogmatism and strict censorship of the supporters of this hypothesis in the editions of the modern geological journals have been noted, not allowing the publication of the other concepts and the facts, proving these concepts. Taking into account in the training courses of the geological universities not only the modern textbooks, but also classical works of Russian geotectonic scientists, created in the second half of the twentieth century and not losing their cognitive meaning, has been proposed. It has been recommended to the editorial offices of the geological journals to publish articles reflecting the entire spectrum of the geological thoughts, which will contribute both to the formation of the broader views on the theoretical geotectonics and to the new discoveries.

The pétrographie and mineralogical laboratory study of the rock samples and the analysis of the geological setting in the sites of their collection (South Afghanistan) allowed suggesting the presence of the carbonatite volcano there. This assumption has been proved: a young carbonatite volcano, the first one known for that moment in the Central Asia, has been discovered and investigated, as well as the minerals, associated with the volcano.