An issue about the role of the state in a development of the mineral raw base of the solid useful minerals in economic development of Russia has been considered. Formerly powerful geological exploration sector of our country, at least its «state» part, has been notified not to have adopted to the market relations. A conclusion has been done that at the modern stage of the forming of the new strategic system of mineral resources investigations, the transitional positions are suitable, allowing the maximal usage of existing possibilities and resources of the state management with maintaining a key role of the state in the issues of studying and development of mineral raw base.

An issue about the role of mineral resources in the economic development of Russia has been considered. The divergence between the given possibilities and real budget has been marked. A conclusion has been made, that the system of the strategic investigation of mineral resources does not correspond the problem of country’s mineral safety provision and a complex of measures has been suggested, which are to lead to the improvement of the system of mineral deposits searching.

A conclusion has been justified, that the institutional norms and rules existing for the mineral resources use relations, extremely poorly affect industrial and innovative aspect of the activity of the mineral and raw complex (MRC). Actually these norms and rules preserve a hypertrophied export and raw orientation of activity of the MRC enterprises. Perspective development of the domestic MRC has to be based on the considering of the requirements of a set of the institutional norms relating as directly to the sphere of production and reproduction of mineral raw materials, and to the industrial innovative regulation assuming transition to the economy of the highest technological ways. The purpose, tasks, the basic principles of the industrial policy in relation to MRC’s activity have been formulated. A methodical approach to the development of the strategic courses of the development of the geological sector has been offered. Suggestions for the improvement of the mechanisms of staffing of the sphere of mineral resources use have been given.

The essence of the gold loan and its role in the formation of the market of the precious metals have been considered. The gold mining companies are stated to be the main users of the borrowed gold. The main uses of the gold loans have been presented, including uses by gold mining companies, for the development of the mining industry and refinancing the debt. The modern problems of the functioning of the market for gold loans have been considered. The role of Central and commercial banks in the development of the market for gold loans has been reflected. The mechanism of the operation of the gold loan has been represented. The benefits of the gold credit for the gold mining industry compared to a conventional loan have been reflected.

The current state of the information support of the geological sector and the different factors, complicating its development have been analyzed. Organizational, technical and other aspects have been considered. The principles of the development of the information support have been proposed and the organizational and methodic measurements of its improvement have been marked out, such as one-shot and safe input of the information; personified responsibility for the operational efficiency and accuracy; accessibility and gratuitousness of the information transmission, except the information with access, limited by the low; the design and maintenance of the base list-registers (basic systems).

An exploration of the natural resources of the Russian Arctic was started in the X century by Novgorod people. The main objective was the development of the river, lake, offshore lands, as well as the development of the fishing and hunting products. The territories to the west and to the east of the Northern Dvina River were learnt, the settlements were built in the XII century on the banks of the rivers flowing into the White and Barents seas. Then the development of the Trans-Ural and Ugra areas was started. At the end of the XV century, the first government ore-searching expeditions were carried out. In the XVI century the sea route to the Western Europe and Siberia was paved, and the first ever project of the Northern Sea Route was designed. In the XVII century the development of Ugra took place, as well as the construction of new settlements, fisheries, trade routes. In the development of the natural resources in the new territories in Siberia, a decisive role was played by Pomors, the expeditions in 50 years led to Chukotka.

An analysis of the competitiveness of the high school is considered as a patch of the subsystems, which level of development determines its competitive advantages. The subsystems have been distinguished: basic high school activity, additional high school activity, providing high school activity.

At the final stage of the taphonomic cycle, after the deposit has gone to the surface in a result of different processes, the alteration of the deposit in the zone of surface weathering occurs, due to the mechanic destruction as well as the processes of soiution and replacement. A phenomenon of the deposition in thanatocenosis the reburied fossils - redeposition - has a widespread occurrence in this time. On the basis of the unique finding of the cervical vertebra of the Upper Pleistocene European roe deer in the modern freshwater catfish (Silurus glanis Linnaeus) a new type of the fossils redeposition - biogenic, which can be realized by a variety of the organisms. Its account can be used for a more complete breakdown of the processes, which lead to the forming of the deposits.

The conditions of being, the history of formation and transformation of minerals-concentrators of rare-earth elements (REE) - apatite minerals group and epidote minerals group, have been studied and described. Allanite has been determined to be mostly developed in the halos of the fluid action a solid contact of sulfide ores containing rich pneu matolytic mineralization of the platinum-group elements (PGM) and gold. Apatite and allanite are found among sulfides and in rims of the fluid action over the drops of sulphides in the horizon of the disseminated ores. The composition of Apatite-I has evolved from a OH-containing chlorapatite to chlorapatite containing up to 2,3 wt. % of lanthanides; Apatite-II - from OH-Cl-bearing fluorapatite to fluorapatite. The lanthanides reieased during replacement of chlorapatite-I by fluorapatite-II, probably entering the composition of the produced pneumatoiytic alianite-(Ce). In the areas of mineral ores with imposed metamorphism, the pneumatoiytic apatite partially or totally is substituted by hydroxyapatite-III, allanite - by water-containing allanite with the content of the epidote and clinozoisite minals - 30-35 mol. %. The spectra of REE distribution in apatite have been determined to reflect more accurately their ratios in rocks, the spectra of REE distribution for allanite are characterized by a steeper slope from lighter to heavier lanthanides. The ratio of La, Ce and Nd in chlorapatite corresponds to the distribution of these elements as in the host picrite horizon, as well in the rocks of the intrusives as a whole. Allanite, in return, is more enriched in cerium and lanthanum and depleted in neodymium.

New approaches to a definition of the basic characteristic of the bodies - density, have suggested. To improve the technique of the caring out the laboratory investigations, increasing the safety of the investigations and preventing the damages of the diagnosed products in liquid medias, instead of caring out the traditional hydrostatic weighting of the studied samples (in liquids, in particular heavy immersion ones, demanding the special conditions of the safe usage), a method of the aerostatic weighting (a determination of the weight in a compressed air) and a method of the weighting in finely-dispersed loose materials have been considered.

The microprobe tests of the supposed platinum from the collection of F.A. Keller at the State geological museum of Russian Academy of Sciences have been carried out for the first time. The results have shown that the samples were indeed acquired in the XIX century in the Urals in Nizhnyi Tagil, a famous industrial area, supplied from Gospodskaya mine, being operated in that times. Concentrate platinum according to the shape and mineral compound corresponds to Isovsko-Turinskaya concentrates from Svetloborsky concentrically zoned dunite-clinopyroxenite platinum-bearing massif. Analyses of the chemical composition of the mineral phases have allowed making a list of the native metals minerals and platinum group minerals (PGM) in this collection: isoferroplatinum, r-isoferroplatinum, golden isoferroplatinum, copper-nickel tetraferroplatinum, osmium, Ru-osmium, iridium, Ru-iridium (ruthenosmiride), fine gold and tin.

The frequency of the formation of the oxidation zone of the Udokan copper deposit due to climatic characteristics has been revealed on the basis of the mineralogical analysis of ores compositions. It has been shown that in the zone of the permafrost rocks the copper hydroxosulfates with crystalline hydrate water are formed: hydrobrochantite [Cu₁₅(SO₄)₄(OH)₂₂ • 5,24-6,6 H₂O], hydroanthlerite [Cu_2,84-2,94(SO₄)(OH)_3,44-3,87 • 2,44-3,33H₂O], and also there is udokonite [Cu₈(SO₄)(OH)₁₀ • H₂O]. Hydroanthlerite, hydrobrochantite, udokonite comprise up to 50% of copper minerals in oxidized brochantite-anthlerite-malachite ores. Theirs properties allow the use of flotation for the enrichment of all types and varieties of copper ores. The features of chemical elements migration at positive and negative temperatures have been determined according to the results of experimental data on sulfuric acid leaching of oxidized and sulphide ores. It has been determined that under cryogenic conditions the mobility of chemical elements is not only possible, but also for Cu, Ag, Pb, Al, P, Ti and Zr more intensive than at positive temperatures.

On the basis of the method of integral relationships, an approximate solution of the problem of groundwater filtration in pressure aquifers has been obtained when they are tested with pumpings. The solution obtained is applicable for moments of time less than two orders than the approximate representation of the exact solution on which the existing technique for interpreting the results of the experimental filtration testing of horizons is based.