Dudergof heights and deformed Paleozoic cover rocks spatially related to them are located to the South of Saint-Petersburg within Baltic-Ladoga monocline. These elevations make up the straight forms of relief and correspond to the cores of anticlines which are often examined as a glaciotectonic morphostructures. Structural researches show that Dudergof structure is spatially and genetically related to the intersection joint of tectonic zones oriented in East-North-East and South-North directions. It had been formed for a long time, probably, since the Late Caledonian time up to the neotectonic activation stage. Deformations developed in the conditions of the reverse - strike slip mode and periodic appearance of kinematic inversions. The horizontal compression was oriented in North-West direction on certain stages, and in North-East direction - on the others. In the development of the Dudergof structure glaciotectonic factor had a second-rate significance giving rise to the appearance of the minor south-vergent thrusts.

The biogenic aspect of tetravalent uranium mineral-formation in a hypergenesis’ zone is considered in the light of the up-to-date data of a geomicrobiology and environmental-mineralogy, studying products of bacterial biorecultivation. The analysis of literary and author’s data on phosphate U⁴⁺ ningyoite is led to the following conclusions: the source of phosphorus for ningyoite formation is organic material of the decomposed plant debris in sedimentaryrock strata; mineralization U⁴⁺ is caused by the activity of a bacterial microflora; the aerobic-anaerobic community of the microorganisms needs to be considered on an equal basis with especially geochemical characteristics of the environment as the most important component of uraniumsooty ore formation.

Clarification of terrigeneous-carbonate red-colored rocks of Cambrian was researched in Nakyn ore field of Yakutian diamonditerous province. The study was provided by the core data of prospecting and exploration holes, which drilled near and through kimberlites Mayskoe, Ozernoe, ore manifestation Marhinskoe and pipe Nurbinskaya. Different morphological types of clarification were discovered, which connected in two main groups: layered and vein clarification. It was found, that vein and vein-layered clarification are spatially connected with kimberlites, eruption breccia of basic rocks and kimberlite-control faults. Geochemical comparative data is presented by initial red rocks, for layered and vein clarification. Genesis of clarification is assumed to be exogenic catagenetic and endogenic sinmagmatic.

Studying of the subvolcanic bodies from the Late Givetian gabbro-diabase complex has revealed heterogeneity of the given group: some bodies have cross-cut ore mineralization, while the others are superimposed by the mineralization. The preliminary petrochemical classification has allowed to reveal 2 groups of dykes differing in composition. In this connection these dykes were typified into apparently pre-ore subvolcanic bodies and a group of post-ore dikes. Statistical processing of the petrochemical data with use of STATISTICA 10 program has aliowed to reveal 2 subgroups of bodies in gabbro-diabase subvolcanic complex and to define the geochemical associations-indicators for each of them.

The analytical expressions for the calculation of the key parameters for the design a working body of new hydropneumatic source of seismic waves are given. The solution of the problem of the quantitative assessment of the characteristics of the power impulses generated by the source at the contact place of a shock plate with soil is given. An experiment has confirmed good convergence of calculated and experimental values.

An assessment of the natural groundwater resources (GWR) of Devonian (middle and upper Famennian) aquifer was made in the area of research-assessment works for Smolensk city water supply. It was done on the basis of geohydrological modeling of infiltration groundwater recharge, which includes the surface water balance of precipitation and moisture transverse in the aeration zone. This approach allowed estimation of the total value of natural GWR, as well as the quantitative analysis of the heterogeneity of the conditions of their formation and distribution between upper Quaternary and lower Devonian aquifers (in the zone of the intensive water recharge). The values of the estimated GWR are confirmed by the results of geofiltration groundwater flow modeling. The considered approach is the alternative or addition to the well-known method of GWR estimation, based on the river flow analysis.

The paper presents the results of study of the residual hydrocarbons of coal, from brown coals to anthracites. Extraction of the residual hydrocarbons was performed at 200 °С. The dependence of the composition of the hydrocarbons on the stage of coal metamorphism has been defined. The highest content of the residual hydrocarbons (up to 70 cm³/kg) has been defined in coals of middle stages of metamorphism, where heavy hydrocarbons are predominating (heavy hydrocarbon fraction reaches 97 percent relative). In brown coals the content of residual hydrocarbons is low, the heavy hydrocarbons also prevail over СН4 (proportion of heavy hydrocarbons is on average 62 per cent relative). In the coals of higher stages of metamorphism (semi-anthracite and anthracite) the content of residual hydrocarbons is low and СН4 prevails. Residual hydrocarbons might be emitted from the coal during the mining in the shaft air. The role of residual hydrocarbons enriched in heavy hydrocarbons is reviewed in the sense of the development of fire and explosion emergencies in coal mines.

A new system analysis methodology for the organization of the effective Russian business for rare and rare earth metals is described, called a sectoral innovative system. An initial base for the model includes different metals and their deposits. The innovative model (structure) includes in a common 20 elements, in particular «foreign investments» for the new industries in Russia. With regard to the structure of the given model a specialized coordinating center of rare metal industry development is recommended to be established.

The main economic trends of functioning of branches of a mineral and raw complex in recent years are considered. Problematic issues of improvement of economic activity in the sphere of subsurface use are formulated. Recommendations about development of diversification of raw branches, reproduction of mineral resources, increase in innovative activity of the enterprises are developed.

The current state of the knowledge of the methods used for the evaluation of technogenic risks is examined, and the new aspects of this problem in relation to the gold mining industry are considered. The aim of this work is to develop the general approaches to the ways of the distinguishing, specification of the origin and estimation of the technogenic risk for gold mining enterprises. A methodological basis for this work is risk management concepts, as well as the works of the leading Russian and foreign scientists in the field of risk management. The potential losses from an accident on the operated equipment can be taken into account by the introduction at the enterprises of gold-mining industry the additional tool for technogenic risk assessment based on the model of mathematical expectation of the losses from damage from the potential accidents. The problem of the quantitative estimation of the uncertainty is concluded to be the dominant problem in the theory of technological risk. An approach is required which would be based on the applicability of probabilistic characterization of properties of technical systems used in gold mining industry.

The transverse deep faults are inherent for the North-Western Caucasus. Their genesis can be explained by thermo-mechanical processes on the late geosyncline-orogenic stage of the geological evolution of the district. These processes include: the cooling of the upper core, thermal contraction of the rocks, appearance of tensile stresses and ruptures in the Earth’s crust. The calculations show that inner-core opening of the cracks is from 1 to 2 meters per 1 kilometer of axis line of the orogene. The dominance of the earthquakes with hypocenters at depths of 5-15 kilometers in the investigated region corresponds to its thermos-mechanical nature.

The discovery and investigation of the uranium field Semizbay are considered. The main parameters of lithological filtration inhomogeneity as well as geotechnological properties of the ore-bearing rocks are defined in terms of their influence on the borehole underground leaching of uranium. Works on the acid-bacterial underground leaching of uranium give positive results on two experimental cells. Carbonate ores have not significant influence on the process of the underground leaching.