Significance of the study of sedimental rock-forming evolution in the Earth history for the reconstruction of the changes of geochemical settings on its surface
https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2019-2-27-34
Abstract
The distribution in the geological section of two groups of sedimentary rocks, siliceous and carbonate rocks of different composition — has been examined. Acid-base conditions of external geospheres have been reconstructed in consideration of the peculiar conditions of the formation of rocks of different material composition. The acidic environments have been shown to be such conditions in the Archean period, the alkaline environments — in the Proterozoic, and slightly alkaline — in the Phanerozoic. At the same time, in the Archean the weathering was purely chemical, prebiogenic, which determined the intense removal of iron and silica from the basic igneous rocks that covered the surface of the early Earth. The emergence of cyanobacterial photosynthesizing communities, utilization of carbon dioxide led to the change to alkaline environment, which determined the accumulation of magnesites and dolomites. The diverse biota of the Phanerozoic caused the formation of pH values close to modern. The mechanisms and forms of the deposition of carbonate and siliceous materials changed alongside with the evolution of life.
About the Author
V. G. Kuznetsov
Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
building 1, 65, Leninsky prosp, Moscow 119991.
References
1. Bergman I.A. The Iron-Siliceous Ore Genesis of the Early Precambrian. Moscow, VIMS Publ., 2013, 323 p. (in Russian).
2. Bogatyrev B.A. «Evolution of Bauxite Formation in Earth History». Conceptual Problems of the Lithological Studies in Russia. Ed. by O. Yapaskurt et al. Vol. I. Kazan, Kazan University Publ., 2011, pp. 129-133. (in Russian).
3. Vassoevich N.B. «Introduction», in Diagenesis and Catagenesis of Sedimentary Formations. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1971, pp. 5-8 (in Russian).
4. Dena Dzh.D., Dena E.S., Pelach Ch., Berman G., Frondel’ K. Sistema mineralogii. T. 1. Polutom 2. M., IL Publ., 1951, 420 s.
5. Dubinina G.A., Sorokina A.Yu. Neutrophilic Lithotrophic IronG Oxidizing Prokaryotes and Their Role in the Biogeochemical Processes of the Iron Cycle, Microbilogy, 2014, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 127-142. (in Russian).
6. Zavarzina D.G. «Formation of magnetite and siderite by thermophilic Fe(III)-reducing bacteria», Paleontological Journal, 2004, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 585-589. (in Russian).
7. Kuznetsov V.G. Evolution of the Carbonate Formation in the Earth History. Moscow: GEOS Publ., 2003, 262 p. (in Russian).
8. Kuznetsov V.G. The Relationship between Stratigraphic Distribution of Magnesites and Development of Cyanobacteria, Doklady Earth Sciences, 2004, vol. 396, no. 6, pp. 783-787. (in Russian)
9. Kuznetsov V.G. Evolution of Silica Accumulation in the Earth’s History and Its Relation to Biota Development, Doklady Earth Sciences, 2011, vol. 441, no. 6, pp. 775-779. (in Russian).
10. Kuznetsov V.G. Evolution of Sedimentary Rock Formation in the Earth History. Moscow, Nauchny mir Publ., 2016, 212 p. (in Russian).
11. Maslov A.V., Grazhdankin D.V. Precambrian in the Geological Time Scale, Litosfera, 2012, vol. 3, pp. 151-155. (in Russian).
12. Maslov A.V., Podkovyrov V.N. Ocean Redox State at 2500— 500 Ma: Modern Concepts, Lithology and Mineral Resources, 2018, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 190-211.
13. Pustovalov L.V. Petrography of Sedimentary Rocks. Moscow, Leningrad, Gostoptekhizdat Publ., 1940, Vol. I, 476 p. (in Russian).
14. Rozen O.M. Appearing Signs of Base Sediments and the Conditions of Early Lithogenesis in Earth History, Conceptual Problems of the Lithological Studies in Russia. Ed. by O. Yapaskurt et al. Vol. I. Kazan, Kazan University Publ., 2011, pp. 173-176. (in Russian).
15. Rozen O.M., Abbyasov A.A., Zlobin V.L., Safronov V.T. Carbonaceous rocks in metamorphic complexes: petrogenesis, mineral composition of original deposits, conditions of sedimentation, Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Geologiya i razvedka — [Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration], 2003, vol 1, pp. 38-47. (in Russian).
16. Ronov A.B. Stratisphere, or the Sedimentary Shell of the Earth (Qualitative Study). Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1993. 144 p. (in Russian).
17. Strakhov V.N. Iron-oxide Facies and Their Countertypes in Earth History. An Attempt of Historical and Geological Analysis of the Sedimentarion Process. Moscow, Academy of Sciences of the USSR Publ., 1947, 267 p. (in Russian).
18. Strakhov V.N. On Periodicity and Irreversible Evolution of Sedimentation in the Earth History, Izvestia AN SSSR, Geological Series, 1949, vol. 6, pp. 70-111. (in Russian).
19. Khvorova I.V. Main Features of the Evolution of Silica Accumulation in Phanerozoic, Evolution of Sedimentary Process in the Oceans and Continents. Ed. by P. Timofeev. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1982, pp. 111-120. (in Russian).
20. Yanshin A.L. Evolution of Geological Processes in Earth History. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1988, 39 p. (in Russian).
21. Bakker A., Holland H.D., Wang P-L., Stein H. J., Hannah J. L., Coetzee L.L., Beukes N.J. Dating the rise of atmospheric oxygen, Nature, 2004, vol. 427, no. 8, pp. 117—120.
22. Croal L.R., Jiao Y., Newman D.K. Phototrophic Fe (II) oxidation in an atmosphere of H2: implications for Archean banded iron formations, Geobiology, 2009, vol.7, no. 1, pp. 21—24.
23. Daly R. First calcareous fossils and evolution of limestones, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull, 1909, vol. 20, pp. 2517-2527.
24. Hofmann H.J., Grey K., Thorpe R.I. Origin of 3.45 Ga coniform stromatolites in the Warrawoona Group, Western Australia, Geol. Soc. Amer, Bull, 1999, vol. 111, pp. 1256-1262.
25. Kappler A., Newman D.K. Formation of Fe (III) minerals by Fe (II) oxidizing photoautotrophic bacteria, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta, 2004, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 1217-1226.
26. Kappler A., Pasquero C., Konhauser K.O., Newman D.K. Deposition of banded iron formations by anoxigenic photo-trophic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria, Geology 2005, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 865-868.
27. Konchauser K., Hamade T., Raiswell R., Morris R.C., Ferris P.C., Southam G., Ganfield D.E. Could bacteria have formed the Precambrian banded iron formations?, Geology, 2002, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1079-1082.
28. Li J.L., Konchauser K.O., Cole D.R., Phelps T.J. Mineral ecophysicological data provide growing evidence for microbial activity in banded iron-formations, Geology, 2011, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 707-710.
29. Lindsay J.E., Brasier M.D. Evolution of Precambrian Atmo-sphere: Carbon Isotopic Evidence from the Australian Continent, in Precambrian Earth: Tempos and Events. Developments in Precambrian Geology, vol. 12, Elsevier, 2004, pp. 388-403.
30. Miot J., Bencerara K. Morin G., Kappler A., Bernard S., Obst M., Scouri-Panet F., Guigner J-M., Posth N., Galvez M., Broun G.E., Guyot F. Iron biomineralization by anaerobic neutrophic iron-oxiding bacteria, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2009, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 696-711.
31. Posch N.R., Konhauser K.O., Kappler A. Microbiological processes in banded iron formation deposition, Sedimentology, 2013, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 1733-1744.
32. Widdel F., Schnell S., Heising S., Ehrenreich A., Assmus B., Schink B. Ferrous iron oxidation by anoxigenic phototrophic bacteria, Nature, 1993, vol. 362, no. 6423, pp. 834-836.
33. Walsh M. Microfossils and possible microfossils from the Early Archean Onverwacht Group, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, Precambrian Research, vol. 54, 1992, pp. 271-292.
Review
For citations:
Kuznetsov V.G. Significance of the study of sedimental rock-forming evolution in the Earth history for the reconstruction of the changes of geochemical settings on its surface. Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration. 2019;(2):27-34. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2019-2-27-34
Views:
508
Email this article 