Main directions in the development of environmentally friendly technologies for the oil and gas industry

Background. The technologies currently used in the oil and gas industry cannot offer an effective solution to environmental problems. An alternative approach consists in the use of innovative technologies, which combine high productivity with environmental efficiency.

Aim. To review technologies that ensure high productivity in combination with solving environmental problems.

Materials and methods. Artificial intelligence technologies, implementation of digital transformation in solving environmental problems, aerospace methods and technologies, modeling of environmental systems and processes.

Results. The conducted studies revealed the significant potential of the Caspian region in terms of development of alternative energy. Thus, the total wind energy of the Caspian Sea, which theoretically can be used in the Republic of Azerbaijan, is estimated at 157 GW. Out of this potential, up to 35 GW and 122 GW lie in shallow-water (therefore, requiring no substantial expenses) and deep-water areas, respectively.

Conclusion. The use of innovative technologies in the oil and gas industry offers not only environmental but also economic benefits. Reduction of emissions and optimization of the production process decreases pollution risks and the costs associated with elimination of polluting leaks. One of the main challenges of our time is the transition to a new energy paradigm based on technologies that do not contribute to climate change. An energy and ecological revolution is proposed as the most important solution. For environmental monitoring, including air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, it is advisable to implement a three-level system of monitoring, diagnosis, and forecasting. This system includes space monitoring; monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles; monitoring of the underground geological environment based on a geophysical observatory in real time; monitoring gas concentrations using laser absorption spectroscopy and distributed sensor network technology.

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