Frequency-dependent amplitude balancing as an approach to improving the quality and resolution of 3D reflection seismic survey data in severe surface and subsurface conditions

Background. This article describes the methodological principles of applying frequency-dependent balancing of seismic trace amplitudes to improve the quality and resolution of 3D reflection seismic survey data in severe surface and subsurface conditions, which are typical of the exploration area of the NOVATEK company. By using specific examples, the potential of the frequency-dependent approach to amplitude processing combined with 5D data regularization is demonstrated. This approach allows the data informativity to be increased and the geomorphological and sedimentological details to be obtained. Objective assessments of the reliability of expansion of the seismic signal spectrum using the neural network approach are presented, in comparison with the technology developed and implemented by the NOVATEK Scientific and Technical Center.

Objective. To determine the prospects of modern approaches to spectral and spatial processing of seismic data in the context of improving the quality and resolution of the results.

Materials and methods. The materials of methodologically non-homogenous archive and modern 3D reflection seismic surveys, processed using various (explosion, vibration, impulse) sources of wave excitation, were used. Data processing was carried out using the methods and approaches most contemporary at the respective period of time.

Results. The conducted analysis of the published results established their correctness in comparing seismic images, parameters, and attributes based on the data of the final migrated cubes of 3D reflection seismic surveys.

Conclusion. Frequency-dependent amplitude balancing is a theoretically justified and recommended method for application in the exploration area of the NOVATEK company. In combination with 5D regularization, this methodological approach creates the prerequisites for increasing the reliability of geological interpretation of seismic data and increasing the accuracy of the productivity forecast.

1. Dolgikh Yu.N., Gulyaev D.V., Sokolovsky V.V., Kuznetsov V.I. Processing of vibrograms as a method for improving the quality of high-performance vibroseismic exploration results. Georesources. 2024. No. 26(3). P. 27—32 (In Russ.).

2. Dolgikh Yu.N., Gulyaev D.V., Kuznetsov V.I., Sanin S.S., Sokolovsky V.V., Kaigorodov E.P. Improving the quality and technical and economic efficiency of high-performance vibration seismic exploration based on the use of multi-zone adaptive vibrogram processing (MAVP) technology. Subsoil management as a cross-functional process: Proceedings of the 7th scientific and practical conference on oil and gas exploration. 2021. Tyumen, March 22—26, 2021 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202150059

3. Dolgikh Yu.N., Kuznetsov V.I., Turenko S.K. Complex adaptive technology of kinematic inversion of seismic exploration data in conditions of heterogeneous upper part of geological section. Oil Industry. 2017. No. 8. P. 58—63 (In Russ.).

4. Dolgikh Yu.N. Problems of kinematic inversion of CMPCDP data in the northern regions of Western Siberia. Seismic exploration technologies. 2012. No. 4. P. 40—50 (In Russ.).

5. Dolgikh Yu.N. Multilevel seismic exploration and kinematic inversion of CMP-CDP data in conditions of heterogeneous near-surface layer. 2014. Moscow: EAGE Geomodel, 212 p. (In Russ.).

6. Zavyalov V.A. Features of works on accounting for the upper part of the section in the conditions of the Middle Ob region according to CMP works. Science and Energy Complex. 2012. No. 4. P. 34—37 (In Russ.).

7. Zagorovsky Yu.A. Relationship of fluid-dynamic processes with oil and gas potential of deep horizons in the north of Western Siberia. Exposure Oil Gas. 2016. No. 6(52). P. 48—50 (In Russ.).

8. Kuznetsov V.I., Dolgikh Yu.N. Implementation of seismic exploration technology in the transit zones of the north of Western Siberia. News of the University. Oil and Gas. 2017. No. 6. P. 11—20 (In Russ.).

9. Kuznetsov V.I., Dolgikh Yu.N. Seismic research technologies in transit zones of Arctic regions (using the north of Western Siberia as an example): textbook ISBN 978-5-9961-1826-7. 2017. Tyumen: TIU, 199 p. (In Russ.).

10. Kuznetsov V.I., Dolgikh Yu.N., Skachkov D.V., Sokolovsky V.V., Pisarchuk S.V., Glebov A.A. Experience in conducting field seismic exploration work using high-performance slip-sweep technology. Georesources. 2024. No. 26(3). P. 20—26 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18599/grs.2024.3.3

11. Myasoedov N.K., Tverdokhlebov D.N., Pozdnyakov A.S., Goncharov A.V. Efficiency of applying broadband processing technology in shallow waters. Oil industry. 2021. No. 3. P. 46—49 (In Russ.).

12. Smirnov V.N., Bondarev Ye.B. Current state, capabilities and disadvantages of the NOMAD vibroseis complex in comparison with an explosive source of seismic vibrations in the winter conditions of the YNAO. Seismic technologies. 2017. No. 2, P. 108—122 (In Russ.).

13. Ushakov L.A., Dmitrachkov D.K., Meretsky A.A., Ivanov G.V. Development and application of the graph of azimuthal processing of seismic data on the example of one of the sites of PJSC NK Rosneft. Oil industry. 2023. No. 7. P. 10—15 (In Russ.).

14. Chistyakova P.I., Arutyunyants I.V., Kleshnin A.B., Kushnerov N.N., Masyukov A.V. Using mathematical analysis of the principal component method in seismic data processing. Geophysics. 2022. No. 6, P. 91—95 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.34926/geo.2022.17.24.012

15. Yazkov A.V., Dolgikh Yu.N., Kurkin A.A., Nasibullin A.Z., Kadochnikova L.M., Kuznetsova Ya.V., Eliseev P.I., Kudrin P.A., Grigoriev M.S. Methodological and technological challenges in the development of fields in the north of Western Siberia: geological exploration and development. Exposition Oil Gas. 2019. No. 4(71). P. 15—20 (In Russ.).