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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Геология и разведка</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-7762</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8708</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32454/0016-7762-2020-63-4-8-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geology-681</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GEOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексные палеороссыпи Витватерсранда</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Witwatersrand composite paleoplacers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-3662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор геолого-минералогических наук, профессор </p><p>30, Северо-Восточное шоссе, г. Петропавловск-Камчатский 683002, Россиятел.: +7 (985) 440-29-64</p><p>SPIN-код: 6764-5920Адрес для переписки: кв. 159, д. 20, пр. Боголюбова, Московская обл., г. Дубна 142986, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Geol.-Min.), Prof.</p><p>30, Northeast Highway, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky683002, Russiatel.: +7 (985) 440-29-64SPIN: 6764-5920The address for correspondence is sq. 159, 20, Bogolyubov ave., Moscow region, Dubna 142986, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vitstepanov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Научно-исследовательский геотехнологический центр» Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Geotechnological Center, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степанов В.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степанов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepanov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.geology-mgri.ru/jour/article/view/681">https://www.geology-mgri.ru/jour/article/view/681</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Расположенная в Южной Африке золотоносная провинция Витватерсранд является наиболее богатой в мире. Месторождения являются комплексными, из них наряду с золотом, серебром и ураном попутно добываются осмириды и алмазы. Генезис месторождений Витватерсранда дискуссионен. Большинство местных геологов поддерживают гипотезу наличия палеороссыпей с последующим метаморфическим преобразованием рудоносных конгломератов. Кроме того, существуют эоловая, гидротермально-осадочная, гидротермально-осадочно-метаморфическая и магматическая модели рудообразования.Цель. Установить генезис месторождений Витватерсранда.Материалы и методы. Анализ опубликованной литературы и фактических данных.Результаты. Месторождения Витватерсранда являются комплексными. Из них наряду с золотом, серебром и ураном попутно добывают осмириды и алмазы. Такой набор полезных компонентов не известен ни на одном из месторождений магматического или гидротермального генезиса. Учитывая приуроченность полезных компонентов к конгломератам, детритный характер большей части золотин и наличие разнообразных сопутствующих минералов тяжелой фракции, характерных для магматических пород кислого, основного и ультраосновного состава, гипотеза о первичной аллювиальной природе месторождений Витватерсрандской провинции выглядит наиболее обоснованной.Заключение. Фактический материал указывает на аллювиальное происхождение месторождений Витватерсранда с последующим метаморфическим преобразованием рудоносных рифов. На первичное аллювиальное формирование рудоносных конгломератов указывает приуроченность золота и урана к русловым фациям с тенденцией накопления в базальных горизонтах рифов, наличие окатанных частиц золота, несущих следы транспортировки в аллювиальных потоках, а также набор минералов тяжелой фракции шлиха, характерный для россыпей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The Witwatersrand gold province located in South Africa is the richest in the world. The Witwatersrand deposits are composite, where osmirids and diamonds are mined along with gold, silver and uranium. The genesis of the Witwatersrand deposits is controversial. Most local geologists support the hypothesis of the presence of paleoplacer deposits with subsequent metamorphic transformation of ore-bearing conglomerates. In addition, there are aeolian, hydrothermal-sedimentary, hydrothermal-sedimentary-metamorphic and magmatic models of ore formation.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To establish the genesis of the Witwatersrand deposits.Materials and methods. Analysis of published literature and factual data.Results. Osmirids and diamonds are mined along with gold, silver and uranium from the composite Witwatersrand deposits. Such a set of useful components is not known in any of the deposits of magmatic or hydrothermal genesis. Considering the confinement of useful components to conglomerates, the detrital nature of most of the gold grains and the presence of various accompanying minerals in the heavy fraction, characteristic of igneous rocks of felsic, basic and ultrabasic composition, the hypothesis of the primary alluvial nature of the deposits of the Witwatersrand province looks the most reasonable.Conclusions. The factual material indicates an alluvial origin of the Witwatersrand deposits with subsequent metamorphic transformation of ore-bearing reefs. The primary alluvial formation of ore-bearing conglomerates is indicated by the confinement of gold and uranium to channel facies with a tendency to accumulate in the basal horizons of the reefs, the presence of rounded gold particles bearing the traces of transportation in alluvial flows, as well as a set of minerals in the heavy fraction of concentrate, characteristic of placers.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>золотоносная провинция</kwd><kwd>россыпь</kwd><kwd>конгломераты</kwd><kwd>золото</kwd><kwd>серебро</kwd><kwd>ртуть</kwd><kwd>уран</kwd><kwd>осмириды</kwd><kwd>алмазы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gold-bearing province</kwd><kwd>placer</kwd><kwd>conglomerates</kwd><kwd>gold</kwd><kwd>silver</kwd><kwd>mercury</kwd><kwd>uranium</kwd><kwd>osmirids</kwd><kwd>diamonds</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баданина И.Ю., Малич К.Н., Меркле Р.К.В. и др. 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